Fork-First Fertility
EVIDENCE-BASED

References & Resources

Hundreds of peer-reviewed studies and published texts show that what you eat directly impacts fertility outcomes. Here are the references and resources that support the Fork-First approach.

Rep
"Traditional reliance on body mass index (BMI) may oversimplify this relationship, as individuals with similar BMI can exhibit differing levels of metabolic health and fertility outcomes depending on their body composition and fat distribution."

From body mass index to body composition in female infertility

Reproductive biomedicine online, 2025

Darıcı E, Pais F, Leemans L et al.

Rep
"Elevated dietary glycaemic load as well as carbohydrate intake and fibre intake is significantly associated with unexpected poor ovarian response."

The role of diet in unexpected poor response to ovarian stimulation

Reproductive biomedicine online, 2020

Noli SA, Ferrari S, Ricci E et al.

Arc

Six-month randomized, placebo controlled trial of synbiotic supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing lifestyle modifications

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2025

Chudzicka-Strugała I, Kubiak A, Banaszewska B et al.

Rep

The Association Between Daily Intake of Dietary Supplements and Self-Reported Endometriosis

Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2024

Li K, Zhang W

Rep
"As for the probability of success of ART treatments based on folate levels, our review did not reveal a significant effect."

Folate Levels and Pregnancy Rate in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Techniques

Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2022

Paffoni A, Reschini M, Noli SA et al.

Rep
"The combined effect of PCOS and obesity reduced oocyte quality and embryonic development potential, finally led to poorer clinical outcomes."

The Impact of BMI on PCOS Patients and Transcriptome Profiling and Bioinformatic Analysis of Granulosa Cells in PCOS Patients with High and Low BMI

Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2025

Tao P, Yan X, Li Y et al.

Fro
"Western-style high-fat diets (HFD) have been linked to greater systemic inflammation to cause metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases, and are also considered an environmental risk factor for gynecologic diseases."

High-fat diets promote peritoneal inflammation and augment endometriosis-associated abdominal hyperalgesia

Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024

Herup-Wheeler T, Shi M, Harvey ME et al.

Sci
"Overall, increased adherence to the healthy eating index (HEI-2015) may lead to a significant reduction in the odds ratio of diminished ovarian reserve."

Healthy eating index and risk of diminished ovarian reserve

Scientific reports, 2024

Ghasemi-Tehrani H, Askari G, Allameh FZ et al.

Ann
"Our results suggest a possible modest association between regular cannabis use and infertility, adding to a growing body of evidence which can inform professional society recommendations and patient counseling."

Cannabis use & female infertility

Annals of epidemiology, 2025

Arora M, Dzubay SK, Huntington A et al.

Eur
"PCOS women differ significantly from weight matched controls in the timings of their breakfast and lunch intake rather than the total caloric intake and macronutrient distribution."

PCOS patients differ in meal timings rather than total caloric or macronutrient intake in comparison to weight matched controls

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2022

Kulshreshtha B, Sharma N, Pant S et al.

Sci
"In the cross-sectional study, a connection was observed between a higher intake of dietary fiber and a decreased risk of endometriosis."

A cross-sectional study on the relationship between dietary fiber and endometriosis risk based on NHANES 1999-2006

Scientific reports, 2024

Zheng YF, Guo YM, Song CJ et al.

Hum
"Though BMI remains a predictor of fertility outcomes, alternative markers of adiposity, such as percent body fat, provide distinct information and may be more strongly associated with outcomes than BMI."

Association between markers of female adiposity and live birth among patients undergoing fertility treatment or attempting unassisted conception

Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2025

Lee IT, Barnhart KT, Hwang WT et al.

J P
"Women's fertility was positively impacted by fruit and vegetable intake, moderate physical activity, and adequate sleep but negatively impacted by obesity and mental stress."

The impact of modifiable lifestyle factors on women's fertility

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2024

Shujaat T, Ahmed Z, Liaqat S

Phy
"Based on the results of the present systematic review, we suggest that flaxseed supplementation has the potential to improve metabolic, hormonal, and anthropometric parameters in women with PCOS."

The effects of flaxseed or its oil supplementations on polycystic ovary syndrome

Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2023

Emamat H, Najafpour Boushehri S, Eslami MA et al.

J H
"A positive association between a pro-inflammatory diet and self-reported infertility was detected."

Association between dietary inflammatory index and self-reported female infertility from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2020

Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 2024

Lu J, Tang J, Zou Y et al.

Cli
"Overall, our study demonstrated that selenium supplementation for 8 weeks in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF did not affect pregnancy rate, lipid profiles, TAC and GSH levels."

The effects of selenium supplementation on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins and biomarkers of oxidative stress in infertile women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization

Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2022

Zadeh Modarres S, Asemi Z, Heidar Z

Adv
"Many lifestyle factors such as nutrition, weight, exercise, and psychological stress can have substantial effects on female ovulation."

Effects of Environment and Lifestyle Factors on Anovulatory Disorder

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2021

Song Y, Li R

Hum
"These findings underscore the potential of antioxidant-rich diets and healthy lifestyles in reducing oxidative stress-related infertility, advocating for targeted interventions to improve reproductive health outcomes."

Joint association of dietary and lifestyle oxidative balance score with infertility among reproductive-aged US female

Human fertility (Cambridge, England), 2025

Ou H, Cai H, Wang Z

BMC
"The findings highlight the potential of dietary modifications as a preventative measure against the onset of these conditions."

Causal relationship between diet and common female diseases

BMC women's health, 2025

Fu M, Deng F, Chen J et al.

Ann
"Diets that can reduce rates of obesity and insulin resistance are beneficial to women with PCOS, the status of obesity and insulin resistance should be determined at the early stage of the disease, so as to develop individualized and sustainable dietary intervention."

Dietary Interventions

Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 2021

Che X, Chen Z, Liu M et al.

J T
"Our results suggest that a ketogenic diet may be considered as a valuable non pharmacological treatment for PCOS."

Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Journal of translational medicine, 2020

Paoli A, Mancin L, Giacona MC et al.

BMC
"MCT-modified ketogenic diet as an adjunct to standard treatment regimen could alleviate clinical symptoms including pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and dyschezia in women with endometriosis."

MCT-modified ketogenic diet as an adjunct to standard treatment regimen could alleviate clinical symptoms in women with endometriosis

BMC women's health, 2025

Naeini F, Tanha FD, Mahmoudi M et al.

Am
"This paper demonstrates that in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ingestion of saturated fat triggers a molecular pathway of inflammation known to drive atherogenesis. This effect is independent of obesity as it occurs in lean women with PCOS and not in lean ovulatory control subjects."

Saturated fat ingestion stimulates proatherogenic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021

González F, Considine RV, Abdelhadi OA et al.

Eat
"The present study supports the beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of green cardamom on the inflammatory state in PCOS women."

Green cardamom plus low-calorie diet can decrease the expression of inflammatory genes among obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2022

Cheshmeh S, Ghayyem M, Khamooshi F et al.