EVIDENCE-BASED

References & Resources

Hundreds of peer-reviewed studies and published texts show that what you eat directly impacts fertility outcomes. Here are the references and resources that support the Fork-First approach.

Obe
"All agreed that there was a need for individualized and PCOS-specific lifestyle advice."

Understanding barriers and facilitators to lifestyle management in people with polycystic ovary syndrome

Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2025

McGowan M, Garad R, Wadhwani G et al.

Med
"The consumption of dietary products such as soya products, red meat, and alcohol had an influence on the occurrence of endometriosis."

Correlation between Endometriosis and Selected Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases and Eating Habits

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022

Nowakowska A, Kwas K, Fornalczyk A et al.

Int
"A significant decrease in pelvic pain following supplementation with anti-inflammatory dietary supplements was detected."

Effects of anti-inflammatory dietary supplements on pelvic pain in females with endometriosis

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2025

Naeini F, Tanha FD, Ansar H et al.

Asi
"Observational studies have shown that energy restriction could be beneficial for controlling bodyweight in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)."

Effects of three medical nutrition therapies on nutritional metabolism and intestinal flora in overweight/obese with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 2023

Dou P, Zhuang ZH, Zhao YM et al.

Nut
"Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids can help to enhance the quality of eggs, and plant-based proteins reduce the incidence of infertility."

Navigating nutrition through the decades

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2025

Harak SS, Shelke SP, Mali DR et al.

J H
"The results showed ... high sugar consumption along with higher body mass index (BMI) and inactivity to be significantly associated with PCOS."

Determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome

Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 2024

Kaur I, Kishore K, Suri V et al.

Cur
"Exercise may be another tool to improve endometriosis symptoms, but once again data are limited and best type and frequency is not well studied."

Impact of lifestyle and dietary modifications for endometriosis development and symptom management

Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology, 2024

Lalla AT, Onyebuchi C, Jorgensen E et al.

BMC
"The findings highlight the potential of dietary modifications as a preventative measure against the onset of these conditions."

Causal relationship between diet and common female diseases

BMC women's health, 2025

Fu M, Deng F, Chen J et al.

Arc

Six-month randomized, placebo controlled trial of synbiotic supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing lifestyle modifications

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2025

Chudzicka-Strugała I, Kubiak A, Banaszewska B et al.

Sem
"General healthy eating guidelines, micronutrient sufficiency and macronutrient quantity and quality are important nutrition considerations pre and during pregnancy."

The Assessment of Diet Quality and Its Effects on Health Outcomes Pre-pregnancy and during Pregnancy

Seminars in reproductive medicine, 2016

Martin JC, Zhou SJ, Flynn AC et al.

Fro
"BMI is a mediator of the association between UPF and female infertility."

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and female infertility

Frontiers in public health, 2025

Evans AT, Alur-Gupta S, Martinez Steele E et al.

Int
"Fatty acids likely affect human fertility at multiple levels, as deviations from physiological FA profiles are obesogenic, and FA can modify DNA methylation."

Associations of fertility parameters with fatty acids and DNA methylation in Mexican women undergoing in vitro fertilization

International journal of obesity (2005), 2023

Zúñiga-Sánchez P, González-Ortega C, Cancino-Villarreal P et al.

Fro
"The study found that a higher oxidative balance score is associated with a lower prevalence of female infertility."

Association between oxidative balance score and female infertility from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2013-2018

Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024

Su Z, Ding P, Su W et al.

Cur
"Time-restricted feeding (TRF) may also improve hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and IR."

The Efficacy of Various Weight Loss Strategies in Alleviating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Current obesity reports, 2025

Yang S, Pan X, Yang R et al.

End
"All three diets were effective in reducing the body weight of overweight/obese patients with PCOS by more than 5% within 8 weeks and could improve both insulin resistance and oxidative stress damage."

A Randomized Trial of the Efficacy of Three Weight Loss Diet Interventions in Overweight/Obese with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2024

Dou P, Zhang TT, Xu Y et al.

Eur
"The findings demonstrated significant linear associations between elevated UHR levels and increased odds of female infertility."

Association between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and female infertility

European journal of medical research, 2025

Wang J, Wang Y, Niu Y et al.

Med
"This study highlights the potential role of carotenoid-rich diets in mitigating endometriosis risk; however, further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these associations and explore underlying biological mechanisms."

Association between serum carotenoids and risk of endometriosis evidence from NHANES data

Medicine, 2025

Chen Z, Zhang T, Jin T

Sex
"The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between UHR and infertility risk, suggesting that higher UHR levels may contribute to an increased likelihood of infertility."

Association between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and infertility risk

Sexual health, 2025

Ni H, Cao C

Arc
"Women with CD, both before and after gluten-free diet, had higher infertility rates (about 19%) than the general population."

The influence of celiac disease on fertility and pregnancy

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2024

Arcieri M, Abrami C, Graziano A et al.

Nut
"The very-low-calorie ketogenic diet could be used to improve metabolic and ovulatory dysfunction in women with PCOS."

Does the Ketogenic Diet Improve the Quality of Ovarian Function in Obese Women?

Nutrients, 2022

Magagnini MC, Condorelli RA, Cimino L et al.

Fro
"After 12 weeks, the flaxseed group showed a significant increase in FSH levels compared to the control group."

Flaxseed intervention and reproductive endocrine profiles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025

Najdgholami Z, Sedgi FM, Ghalishourani SS et al.

Fer
"Women who were diagnosed with infertility during the vitamin D-exposed period had an increased chance of a live birth compared with women diagnosed with infertility during the nonexposed period."

Chances of live birth after exposure to vitamin D-fortified margarine in women with fertility problems

Fertility and sterility, 2020

Jensen A, Nielsen ML, Guleria S et al.

Act
"Adherence to recommendations among women who conceived by MAR was 30.6% for alcohol avoidance preconceptionally."

Health behaviors in women conceiving by medically assisted reproduction vs natural conception

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2025

Hansen AH, Priskorn L, Jørgensen N et al.

Eur
"Probiotic supplement along with dietary and lifestyle modifications significantly regularised menstrual cycle, improved levels of total testosterone, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and menstrual domain of quality of life as compared to placebo."

Efficacy of multi-strain probiotic along with dietary and lifestyle modifications on polycystic ovary syndrome

European journal of nutrition, 2022

Kaur I, Suri V, Sachdeva N et al.