Fork-First Fertility
EVIDENCE-BASED

References & Resources

Hundreds of peer-reviewed studies and published texts show that what you eat directly impacts fertility outcomes. Here are the references and resources that support the Fork-First approach.

Fro
"Olive oil may be an important factor in dietary habits."

Lifestyle and fertility-specific quality of life affect reproductive outcomes in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization

Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024

Urata Y, Harada M, Komiya S et al.

PLo
"The risk-to-benefit ratio of using combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) and/or metformin for comprehensive management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with obesity is unclear."

Impact of combined hormonal contraceptives and metformin on metabolic syndrome in women with hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity

PLoS medicine, 2025

Dokras A, Coutifaris C, Remaley AT et al.

Cel
"These findings elucidate the essential role of caloric restriction in preventing PCOS transmission via methylation reprogramming, emphasizing the importance of preconception metabolic management for women with PCOS."

Caloric restriction prevents inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome through oocyte-mediated DNA methylation reprogramming

Cell metabolism, 2025

Liu Y, Dong Y, Jiang Y et al.

Toh
"Additionally, weight and fat loss, decreased serum and follicular fluid LEP levels, and increased LEP promoter methylation levels in ovarian granulosa cells may be crucial strategies for treating obese PCOS patients."

Effects of Liraglutide on Leptin Promoter Methylation in Ovarian Granulosa Cells of Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 2025

Su L, Hao X, Lu W

Fro
"Results showed diet significantly related to improved fertility outcomes (increasing clinical pregnancy, ovulation and menstrual regularity rate; reducing miscarriage rate), reproductive endocrine [increasing sex hormone-binding globulin; decreasing Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), free androgen index (FAI), total testosterone (T)] and clinical hyperandrogenism (hirsutism assessed by Ferriman-Gallwey score) in PCOS."

Dietary Modification for Reproductive Health in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021

Shang Y, Zhou H, He R et al.

Gin
"The results of this systematic review indicate that EPA is suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties and may serve as a potential marker for illness severity."

The effect of two anti-inflammatory dietary components, omega-3 and resveratrol, on endometriosis

Ginekologia polska, 2024

Sienko A, Cichosz A, Urban A et al.

Lip
"Collectively, the KD offers a multidimensional intervention that couples metabolic correction with immune modulation and holds promise for improving PCOS trajectories and long-term complications."

Breaking the metabolic-inflammatory vicious cycle in polycystic ovary syndrome

Lipids in health and disease, 2025

Yang W, Pang N, He X

Bio
"Therefore, zinc played an important role in improving oocyte development by increasing antioxidant capacity."

ZnT 9 Involvement in Estradiol-Modulated Zinc Homeostasis of the Human Follicular Microenvironment

Biological trace element research, 2024

Lu H, Wang X, Zhang X et al.

J A
"Elevated erythrocyte EA index, the major trans fatty acid commonly consumed in hydrogenated oils, margarine, and fried foods, was negatively correlated with number of usable blastocysts and embryos, blastocyst conversion, and fertilization rate."

The association between fatty acid index and in vitro fertilization outcomes

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2017

Eskew AM, Wormer KC, Matthews ML et al.

Sci
"Overall, increased adherence to the healthy eating index (HEI-2015) may lead to a significant reduction in the odds ratio of diminished ovarian reserve."

Healthy eating index and risk of diminished ovarian reserve

Scientific reports, 2024

Ghasemi-Tehrani H, Askari G, Allameh FZ et al.

Pro
"It is suggested that the effect of curcumin in PCOS is more related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin than to the effects of weight loss."

Effect of curcumin on lipid mediators, glycemic index, and oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in polycystic ovary syndrome

Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators, 2025

Saleem HM, Al-Hetty HRAK, Ahmed AT et al.

F S
"No clear associations were observed between high- or low-PRBS fruit and vegetable intake and endometriosis risk among premenopausal women."

Pesticide residue intake from fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis

F&S science, 2022

Garzia NA, Cushing-Haugen K, Chiu YH et al.

Rep
"Nutritional investigation and treatment may explain and resolve a portion of cases of unexplained infertility, improving the outcome of IVF treatment and, with minimal imbalances, likely restore spontaneous fertility."

May Underdiagnosed Nutrition Imbalances Be Responsible for a Portion of So-Called Unexplained Infertility? From Diagnosis to Potential Treatment Options

Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2016

Noventa M, Quaranta M, Vitagliano A et al.

BMC
"Infertile individuals demonstrated insufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and passive practices regarding the impact of diet on pregnancy."

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the impact of diet on pregnancy among infertile individuals

BMC public health, 2025

Lin L, Zhang T, Fu M et al.

Gyn
"Our findings indicate that polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with live birth in PCOS patients."

The association between serum fatty acids and pregnancy in PCOS women undergoing ovulation induction

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022

Li M, Tian Y, Lv Y et al.

J N
"A balanced diet that included nutrients with antioxidant properties helped prevent miscarriage, whereas a diet that included processed foods and nutrients with proinflammatory effects increased the risk of miscarriage."

Associations of Nutrients and Dietary Preferences with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Infertility

Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi, 2024

Ichikawa T, Toyoshima M, Watanabe T et al.

Rep
"In women with PCOS overall, a strong adherence to the healthy dietary pattern showed a three-fold higher chance of ongoing pregnancy"

Dietary patterns and the phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome

Reproductive biomedicine online, 2017

Huijgen NA, Louwers YV, Willemsen SP et al.

J N
"We did not observe strong associations between phytoestrogen intake and prospectively-measured fecundability among North American or Danish pregnancy planners."

Dietary phytoestrogen intakes of adult women are not strongly related to fecundability in 2 preconception cohort studies

The Journal of nutrition, 2020

Wesselink AK, Hatch EE, Mikkelsen EM et al.

Exp
"Higher DII scores are associated with increased odds of endometriosis. Dietary interventions targeting inflammation may offer a novel approach to managing endometriosis."

Association between dietary inflammatory index and endometriosis in the US population

Experimental gerontology, 2025

Chen Y, Yu M, Hu S et al.

Sem
"General healthy eating guidelines, micronutrient sufficiency and macronutrient quantity and quality are important nutrition considerations pre and during pregnancy."

The Assessment of Diet Quality and Its Effects on Health Outcomes Pre-pregnancy and during Pregnancy

Seminars in reproductive medicine, 2016

Martin JC, Zhou SJ, Flynn AC et al.

Nut
"The very-low-calorie ketogenic diet could be used to improve metabolic and ovulatory dysfunction in women with PCOS."

Does the Ketogenic Diet Improve the Quality of Ovarian Function in Obese Women?

Nutrients, 2022

Magagnini MC, Condorelli RA, Cimino L et al.

Nut
"Our results demonstrated a significant elevation in FDX1 levels among participants receiving nutritional supplementation."

Examining the Effects of Nutrient Supplementation on Metabolic Pathways via Mitochondrial Ferredoxin in Aging Ovaries

Nutrients, 2024

Wu CC, Li CJ, Lin LT et al.

Cur
"Nutritional interventions can target key pathophysiological mechanisms of endometriosis, such as systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalance, offering potential symptom relief and improved clinical outcomes."

Effectiveness of Medical Nutrition Therapy in the Management of Patients with Obesity and Endometriosis

Current obesity reports, 2025

Barrea L, Verde L, Annunziata G et al.

Foo

Effect of sodium alginate supplementation on weight management and reproductive hormones in polycystic females

Food & function, 2022

Manzoor F, Nisa MU, Shakoor A et al.